The "moon rover" was designed by Mieczyslaw Bekker and the first Polio vaccine was discovered by Hilary Koprowski, both Polish-Americans. In 2017, by educational attainment, the U.S. Census estimates that 42.5% have bachelor's degrees or higher, whereas the American population as a whole is 32.0%. There are also Polish American newspapers and magazines, such as the Dziennik Związkowy, PL magazine,[53] Polish Weekly Chicago, the Super Express USA and Nowy Dziennik in New York and Tygodnik Polski and The Polish Times in Detroit, not to mention the Ohio University Press Series in Polish American Studies,[54] Przeglad Polski Online, Polish American Journal,[55] the Polish News Online,[56]Am-Pol Eagle Newspaper,[57] and Progress for Poland,[58] among others. If he is between 25 and 34 years of age, he completed 12.7 years of school, and if he is over 35, he completed 10.9 years. Also, the Detroit suburb of Troy is home to the American Polish Cultural Center, where the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame has over 200 artifacts on display from over 100 inductees, including Stan Musial and Mike Krzyzewski. It features polka music, Polish food and all things Polish. 13 February 1947. Roman Polanski. It exists today with 25,000 parishioners and remains independent from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The veneration of the Virgin Mary in Polish parishes is a significant difference between Polish Catholicism and Catholicism; Polish nuns in the Felician Order for instance, took to Marianism as the cornerstone of their spiritual development, and Polish churches in the U.S. were seen as "cult-like" in their veneration of Mary. In Elizabeth, the first parish serving the Polish community is St. Adalbert's Roman Catholic Church. [22] No distinction is made in the American census between ethnically Polish Americans and descendants of non-ethnic Poles, such as Jews or Ukrainians, who were born in the territory of Poland and considered themselves Polish nationals. "Poles," in Elliott Robert Barkan, ed.. Pula, James S. "Polish-American Catholicism: A Case Study in Cultural Determinism". Leonard F. Chrobot summarizes the Census data for 1969:[51]. The typical Polish American male was born in the United States, spoke Polish in his home when he was a child, but speaks English now, is 38.7 years old (female: 40.9), and is married to a Polish wife. Globalizing Historiography of Polish America. The male works as a craftsman, foreman, or kindred occupation, and his wife is employed as a clerical worker. [23], Historically, Polish-Americans have assimilated very quickly to American society. Polish Women. [52] The median household income for Americans of Polish descent is estimated by the U.S. Census as $73,452, with no statistically significant differences from other Slavic-American groups, Czech, Slovak, and Ukrainian. Irving Berlin was one of the most prolific and popular songwriters of the 20th century, counting among his many hits "White Christmas" and "Cheek to Cheek." Poles' cultural ties to Roman Catholicism have also influenced the adoption of such distinctive rites like the blessing of the baskets before Easter in many areas of the United States by fellow Roman Catholics. During the 1950s–1970s, the Polish wedding was often an all-day event. Basketball player, Basketball coach ... American footballer. Post-war prosperity allowed many Polish Americans to disperse from the original core in New Jersey's industrial areas to the surrounding suburban communities. Pope John Paul II: John Paul II is The Pope.The leader of the catholic church and one of the most well known and powerful people in the world. Castle Garden and Ellis Island generation immigrants and those that followed them found employment in the industries of these two cities as well as Linden which housed oil refineries and auto manufacturing. Polish Leaders. 15.6% of the residents five years old and above in the city of Linden primarily speak the Polish language at home and a variety of Polish-speaking establishments may be found by the Linden station, which is a direct line to Manhattan. He became the Pope when he was 58. Therefore, the actual number of Americans of at least partial Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. Blase (Summit), St. Glowienke (Downers Grove), St. John the Fisherman (Lisle), St. Isidore the Farmer (Blue Island), St. Andrew the Apostle (Calumet City) and St. John the Baptist (Harvey), as well as St. Mary of Nazareth Hospital, on the Near West Side. One of the most notable in size of the urban Polish American communities is in Chicago and its surrounding suburbs. Their history is divided into three stages: Lopata (1976) argues that Poles differed from most other ethnic groups in America in several ways. The most interesting developments in modern theatre art of the last decade were introduced by the Poles, and Polish composers of modern music lead the world in recent years. Estimated population by state, according to the 2018 American Community Survey:[1], Estimated percentage of the population by state, according to the 2018 American Community Survey, rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent:[1], As in Poland, the majority of Polish immigrants are Roman Catholic. In Hudson County, New Jersey, Bayonne houses New Jersey's largest Polish American community, while Wallington in Bergen County contains the state's highest percentage of Polish Americans and one of the highest percentages in the United States, at over 40%. A sad event in the history of Poland. 700 … Historian John Bukowczyk noted that Polish immigrants in America were highly mobile, and 40 to 60 percent were likely to move from any given urban neighborhood within 10 years. One of the most celebrated painters of religious icons in North America today is a Polish American Eastern Orthodox priest, Fr. Refering to them as his “Schindlerjuden,” Schindler ensured that the Jews in his factories worked but were also fed, no-one was beaten, and no-one … They also host Polish celebratory events in Cleveland.[41]. The U.S. Census asked Polish immigrants to specify Polish as their native language beginning in Chicago in 1900, allowing the government to enumerate them as an individual nationality when there was no Polish nation-state. Poles in Cleveland celebrate the annual Harvest Festival, which is usually held at the end of August. Easter is one of the most important holidays in Poland. Poles from this part of Cleveland migrated to the suburbs, such as Garfield Heights, Parma and Seven Hills. Exact immigration figures are unknown. Initial settlements were in Newark, primariliy the "Ironbound" section, where St. Stanislaw Roman Catholic Church, followed by Casimir's Parish were the first parish churches founded and built by the communities there. The names of the neighborhoods are only the most obvious link between the immigrants’ old world and the new. Lempicka specialized in creating portraits and nudes. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 65,508 (4.3%). "[69], Organizations like the Polish Legion of American Veterans were organized to memorialize the Polish contribution to the American military.[70]. [3][4] Two Polish volunteers, Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as American heroes. (See: Maps of American ancestries) This includes the cities of Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazelton, and Nanticoke. [68] According to oral histories recorded from descendants, the verandas were used for "almost all daily activities from preparing meals to dressing animal hides. Numerous Polish-Canadians have been recognized with awards and appointments by the Queen and the Canadian governments as well as universities and various organizations. He is the son of Harriet Theresa (Koch), a psychiatric nurse, and Edwin A. Carell, an electrical engineer. In 2000, 667,414 Americans over five years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home, which is about 1.4% of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25% of the U.S. population. Greenpoint, New York in Brooklyn is home to the Little Poland of New York City, while Williamsburg, Maspeth and Ridgewood also contain vibrant Polish communities. 3 Yugoslav Americans are the American people from the former Yugoslavia. A polis (plural: poleis) was the typical structure of a community in the ancient Greek world. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: One of the most notable Thanksgivings By Ken Bridges In what has most certainly been one of the most unusual years in … is his most renowned work. 2 (Spring, 1985), pp. 4. [50], In 1969, the median family income was $8,849 for Polish Americans. It is estimated that the Polish diaspora numbers 20 million people, which is more than half of Poland’s population. Among the most notable Polish American media groups are Hippocrene Books (founded by Polish American George Blagowidow); TVP Polonia; Polsat 2 International; TVN International; Polvision; TV4U New York; WPNA Radio Chicago; Polish Radio External Service (formerly Radio Polonia); Polonia Today and the Warsaw Voice. Polish Americans built dozens of Polish Cathedrals in the Great Lakes and New England regions and in the Mid-Atlantic States. Panna Maria, Texas, was founded by Upper Silesian settlers on Christmas Eve in 1854. [27] The reasons for this are very individualistic; Bukowczyk's theory is that many immigrants with agricultural backgrounds were eager to migrate because they were finally freed from local plots of land as they had been in Poland. Journal of American Ethnic History. "A Social History of Polish-American Catholicism", Jaroszynska-Kirchmann, Anna D., "The Polish American Historical Association: Looking Back, Looking Forward,", Walaszek, Adam. The people were really nice and helpful. Today it contains some of the most opulent Polish churches in America like St. Stanislaus, Sweetest Heart of Mary, St. Albertus, St. Josephat and St. Hyacinthe. Most of her creative work was done during her stay in France and United States. Traditional Polish weddings in Chicago metropolitan area, in areas such as the southeast side of Chicago, inner suburbs like Calumet City and Hegewisch, and Northwest Indiana suburbs, such as Whiting, Hammond and East Chicago, always occurred on Saturdays. The northern part of Poletown was cleared of residents, to make way for the General Motors Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly plant. Jarosław Kaczyński. The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585. There's also the Taste of Polonia festival held in Chicago every Labor Day weekend since 1979 at the Copernicus Cultural and Civic Center in the Jefferson Park area. Documentation of their early history may be found on individual parkish websites.Other significant centers of Polish settlement in New Jersey included Garfield, New Jersey, Manville in Somerset County, Trenton, New Jersey, and Camden, New Jersey. Even in long-integrated communities, remnants of Polish culture and vocabulary remain. People of Polish descent live across the entire globe, sometimes forming a large and influential segment of the population of foreign cities like Chicago or Toronto. [36] Polonia in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul is centered on Holy Cross Church in the Northeast Neighborhood of Minneapolis, where a vibrant Polish ministry continues to care for the Polish Roman Catholic Faithful. The biggest problem is that America doesn't treat Poland (or Polish immigrants in this case) as partners - they are the ones who look down on Polish … Polish-Americans have influenced American culture in many ways. Polish American cultural groups include Polish American Arts Association and the Polish Falcons. The Polish community was long the subject of anti-Polish sentiment in America. In 2003, they acquired a Florida banking company and have branches in Florida and Ohio. The Polish officers were captured by the Russian army, and in 1940 were executed in a huge massacre that is still remembered today. There are a number of unique festivals, street parties and parades held by the Polish American community. Kansas City, Kansas is home to a large Polish population and for the last 31 years, All Saints Parish has hosted Polski Day [3]. After seeing fellow Poles discriminated against by Cleveland's banks, Ben Stefanski formed Third Federal. The following cities and municipalities are among those that have 10,000 or more residents who are of Polish ancestry (in descending order by Polish population): The following communities have more than 30% of the population as being of Polish ancestry, based on data extracted from the United States Census, 2000, for communities with more than 1,000 individuals identifying their ancestry (in descending order by percentage of population):[31], Lists of U.S. cities with large ethnic population, New York city, New York: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Chicago city, Illinois: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US55|16000US5553000&_street=&_county=philadelphia&_cityTown=philadelphia&_state=04000US42&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Philadelphia city, Pennsylvania: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Milwaukee city, Wisconsin: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US06|16000US0667000&_street=&_county=los+angeles&_cityTown=los+angeles&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Los Angeles city, California: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Cheektowaga town, Erie County, New York: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Buffalo city, New York: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US12|16000US1235000&_street=&_county=phoenix&_cityTown=phoenix&_state=04000US04&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Phoenix city, Arizona: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Toledo city, Ohio: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US06|16000US0644000&_street=&_county=san+diego&_cityTown=san+diego&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= San Diego city, California: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Cleveland city, Ohio: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US29|16000US2938000&_street=&_county=houston&_cityTown=houston&_state=04000US48&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Houston city, Texas: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Detroit city, Michigan: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Omaha city, Nebraska: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143)", |04000US39|16000US3901000&_street=&_county=baltimore&_cityTown=baltimore&_state=04000US24&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Baltimore city, Maryland: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), Grand Rapids city, Michigan: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US08|16000US0820000&_street=&_county=amherst&_cityTown=amherst&_state=04000US36&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Amherst town, New York: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US42|16000US4206088&_street=&_county=erie&_cityTown=erie&_state=04000US42&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Erie city, Pennsylvania: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US12|16000US1263000&_street=&_county=san+antonio&_cityTown=san+antonio&_state=04000US48&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= San Antonio city, Texas: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US11|16000US1150000&_street=&_county=san+francisco&_cityTown=san+francisco&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= San Francisco city, California: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), New Britain town, Connecticut: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US09|16000US0937000&_street=&_county=west+seneca&_cityTown=west+seneca&_state=04000US36&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= West Seneca town, New York: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US39|16000US3901000&_street=&_county=baltimore&_cityTown=baltimore&_state=04000US24&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Boston city, Massachusetts: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US32|16000US3240000&_street=&_county=seattle&_cityTown=seattle&_state=04000US53&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Seattle city, Washington: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US04|16000US0455000&_street=&_county=las+vegas&_cityTown=las+vegas&_state=04000US32&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Las Vegas city, Nevada: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), South Bend city, Indiana: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US42|16000US4260000&_street=&_county=scranton&_cityTown=scranton&_state=04000US42&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Scranton city, Pennsylvania: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), |04000US06|16000US0666000&_street=&_county=jacksonville&_cityTown=jacksonville&_state=04000US12&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_2&ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&_ci_nbr=551&qr_name=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160®=DEC_2000_SAFF_A1160%3A551&_keyword=&_industry= Jacksonville city, Florida: Selected Population Group: Polish (142-143), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Polish-American_populations&oldid=950363808, Lists of United States populated places by ethnic group, Articles with dead external links from March 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 April 2020, at 18:05. [43] Anusim from Poland also varied in their self-identification,[44] but were more likely to identify as "Polish" in the United States.[45]. A few of the parishes of particular note, founded by Poles elsewhere in Minnesota, include: St. John Cantius in Wilno; St. Jozef (Joseph) in Browerville; St. John the Baptist in Virginia; St. Mary in Częstochowa; St. Wojciech (Adalbert) in Silver Lake; Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Opole; Our Lady of Lourdes in Little Falls; St. Stanislaus B&M in Sobieski; St. Stanislaus Kostka in Bowlus; St. Hedwig in Holdingford; Sacred Heart in Flensburg; Holy Cross in North Prairie; Holy Cross in Harding; and St. Isadore in Moran Township. Poles, in Cleveland, were instrumental in forming the Third Federal Savings and Loan, in 1938. Document famous and unique Polish churches in your area (those that still exist and those that are gone). In the early part of the 20th century, up to and immediately following the second World War, Newark, New Jersey and Elizabeth, New Jersey were the primary, historic centers of 'Polonia' as Polish-Americans of that era thought of themselves. Distinctive cultural phenomena such as Polish flats or the Polish Cathedral style of architecture became part and parcel of the areas where Polish settlement occurred. The influence of Chicago's Polish community is demonstrated by the numerous Polish-American organizations: the Polish Museum of America, Polish Roman Catholic Union of America (the oldest Polish American fraternal organization in the United States), Polish American Association, Polish American Congress, Polish National Alliance, Polish Falcons, Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America, and the Polish Genealogical Society of America. They were unskilled farm workers but did not enter farming in America. The word Polack has become a racial slur. ", Zurawski, Joseph W. "Out of Focus: The Polish American Image in Film,", This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 18:27. Some of these Polish foods were tweaked and reinvented in the new American environment, such as Chicago's Maxwell Street Polish Sausage. New York City is home to the New York Polish Film Festival, an annual film festival showcasing current and past films of Polish cinema. There are an estimated 9.15 million self-identified Polish Americans, representing about 2.83% of the U.S. This prejudice was partially associated with anti-Catholicism, and early 20th century worries about being overrun by Central European immigrants. Poles in South Bend, Indiana, founded four parishes: St. Hedwig Parish (1877), St. Casimir Parish (1898), St. Stanislaus Parish (1907), and St. Adalbert Parish, South Bend (1910). [5] They included former Polish citizens of Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish or other minority descent. Cestohowa, Kosciusko, Falls City, Polonia, New Waverly, Brenham, Marlin, Bremond, Anderson, Bryan, and Chappell Hill were either founded or populated by the Poles. The following cities and municipalities are among those that have 10,000 or more residents who are of Polish ancestry (in descending order by Polish population): New York City, New York - 213,447 (2.7%). Poland has produced notable minds in such diverse areas of knowledge as Astronomy (Nicolaus Copernicus), Chemistry (Marie Curie), Music (Frédéric Chopin and Henryk Górecki), Literature (Stanisław Lem), Religion (Karol Józef Wojtyla AKA Pope John Paul II), and Politics (Lech Wałęsa). It features displays of folk art, costumes, historical artifacts and paintings, as well as bilingual research library with particular focus on achievements of the people of Polish heritage in America. 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